Where to File a Consumer Complaint: FTC, CFPB, FDA, State Regulators and Police

Which agency you contact depends on what happened. Scams and fraud go to the Federal Trade Commission at ReportFraud.ftc.gov. Problems with a credit card, loan, debt collector, or bank account go to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Problems with a drug, medical device, supplement, or cosmetic go to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Disputes with a local business, contractor, or landlord usually belong with your state attorney general’s consumer protection office, and any active crime or immediate danger goes to your local police.

You are not limited to one agency. Many situations, like a scam involving your bank account, are worth reporting to more than one place at the same time.

If You Already Lost Money Or Shared Personal Information, Do This First

These steps come before filing any paperwork.

• Contact your bank or card issuer immediately if you sent money, shared an account number, or authorized a charge. Ask about stopping a payment, disputing a charge, or freezing an account.
• If you shared your Social Security number or account logins, go to IdentityTheft.gov. It walks you through a recovery plan based on what was exposed.
• If you are in immediate danger, or a crime is happening right now, call 911 or your local police non-emergency line.
• Do not wait to “have all the details” before contacting your bank. Speed matters more than completeness in the first hour.

Once the immediate risk is handled, use the roadmap below to file a report.

Consumer Complaint Roadmap: Match Your Problem To An Agency

Scams, Fraud, And Bad Business Practices

• Report at ReportFraud.ftc.gov, the FTC’s central fraud reporting site.
• Use this for imposter scams, fake prize offers, phony tech support calls, and deceptive sales tactics.
• For unwanted telemarketing or robocalls specifically, report at DoNotCall.gov.
• For a scam involving a business or scammer based outside the United States, use econsumer.gov.

You can read a full walkthrough of one common version of this, including how to check whether a caller or letter is legitimate, in our guide on how to verify a suspected government imposter scam.

Identity Theft

• Go to IdentityTheft.gov for a step-by-step recovery plan.
• The site helps you file an official report and generates letters and forms based on your situation.

Credit Cards, Loans, Debt Collectors, And Bank Accounts

• File with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
• The CFPB handles consumer financial products, including credit cards, mortgages, auto loans, student loans, debt collection, credit reporting, and prepaid or payment apps.
• The CFPB forwards eligible complaints to the company involved and lets you track the status of your complaint online.

Drugs, Medical Devices, Supplements, Cosmetics, And Food Safety

• Report through the FDA’s Safety Reporting Portal or by calling MedWatch at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
• Use this for a bad reaction to a medication or supplement, a suspected quality problem with a product, or a food safety concern.
• If a reaction is serious or life-threatening, get medical care first. Reporting to the FDA does not replace emergency treatment.

For a detailed breakdown of that process, including what to save and what happens after you file, see our guide on reporting a suspected supplement problem.

Local Businesses, Contractors, Landlords, And Service Providers

• Contact your state attorney general’s consumer protection office. The CFPB directs consumers to the National Association of Attorneys General website to find the correct office for their state.
• State attorneys general handle disputes that are mostly local, including issues that fall outside federal jurisdiction.

An Active Crime, Threat, Or Someone Impersonating An Officer

• Contact your local police or sheriff’s office directly.
• If a scammer claims to be law enforcement and threatens arrest unless you pay immediately, treat that as a warning sign, not a real threat, and verify independently before responding.
• If the victim is an older adult or a person with a disability, the CFPB also recommends contacting your local adult protective services agency.

Step-By-Step: How To File A Complaint

1. Identify the category. Use the roadmap above to match your problem to the right agency.
2. Gather your evidence before you start the form, using the checklist below.
3. File online where possible. ReportFraud.ftc.gov, IdentityTheft.gov, and consumerfinance.gov/complaint all use guided online forms.
4. Keep your confirmation number or screenshot of the submitted report.
5. File with more than one agency if your situation crosses categories — for example, a scam that involved both fraud and your bank account.
6. Follow up with your bank or card issuer separately. A regulatory complaint does not automatically trigger a bank dispute or refund.

Evidence Checklist: What To Save Before You File

• Names, phone numbers, email addresses, or websites used to contact you
• Dates and times of every contact
• Screenshots of texts, emails, or website pages
• Copies of receipts, invoices, contracts, or product labels
• Amounts paid and how you paid (card, wire, gift card, cash, cryptocurrency, or payment app)
• Account or order numbers connected to the problem
• Any written responses you received from the business or caller

What Filing A Complaint Can And Cannot Do

Filing a report is not the same as filing a lawsuit, and it does not guarantee a refund, a criminal charge, or a personal follow-up call. Here is what each type of report generally does:

• FTC reports feed a database used by law enforcement to spot patterns and build cases against repeat scammers. You typically will not receive individual follow-up on your specific report.
• CFPB complaints are forwarded to the named company, which is expected to respond, and you can track that response through your account.
• FDA reports add to a safety surveillance system. A single report rarely triggers action on its own, but a pattern across multiple reports can prompt an investigation.
• State attorney general complaints can lead to mediation or enforcement action, but outcomes vary by state and by case.
• Police reports create an official record, which can matter for insurance, identity theft recovery, or a future legal claim, even if no arrest follows.

If you need your money back quickly, a bank or card dispute is usually a faster path than a regulatory complaint. If the amount is small and the business is local, small claims court is also worth considering.

Limits Of This Guide

• Agency procedures, contact numbers, and online forms can change. Confirm current details on the agency’s own .gov website before filing.
• This guide does not cover every possible consumer problem or every specialized regulator, such as agencies that oversee airlines, utilities, or insurance in your specific state.
• Filing a complaint is not legal advice and does not replace consulting an attorney for a serious financial loss or a dispute you plan to pursue in court.

People Who Should Take Extra Care

Some situations call for extra caution before you act:

• If you are pressured to pay immediately using a gift card, wire transfer, or cryptocurrency, stop. Legitimate agencies and businesses do not demand payment this way.
• If you already gave out a Social Security number, bank login, or one-time verification code, treat this as identity theft and start at IdentityTheft.gov right away.
• Older adults and people with disabilities are frequent scam targets. The CFPB recommends involving a trusted family member or local adult protective services if you suspect financial exploitation.
• If a supplement, medication, or medical device caused a physical reaction, contact a healthcare provider before deciding whether and how to report it to the FDA.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I have to pick just one agency?

No. If your problem crosses categories, such as a scam that also involved your bank account, you can and often should file with more than one agency.

Will filing a complaint get my money back?

Not by itself. A regulatory complaint helps agencies track patterns and, in the CFPB’s case, prompts a company response, but it is not a guaranteed refund process. A bank dispute or small claims court is usually the faster route for recovering money directly.

What if I’m not sure which agency handles my problem?

Start with the roadmap above and pick the closest match. Filing with the “wrong” federal agency generally does not hurt your case, since agencies coordinate and share information with law enforcement partners.

Do I need a lawyer to file a complaint?

No. All the reporting options in this guide are free and designed for consumers to use without an attorney. If you are considering legal action for a significant loss, that is a separate step you can take alongside, not instead of, filing a complaint.

Related Reading

• Government Imposter Scams: How to Verify a Call, Text or Letter
• How to Report a Suspected Supplement Problem
• How to Check a Product’s Real Shipping and Contact Information
• Consumer Guide to Auto-Renewal and Subscription Traps

Educational Disclaimer

This article is for general educational purposes and is not legal, financial, or medical advice. It does not guarantee any outcome from filing a complaint or report. Agency procedures, contact numbers, and online forms can change, so confirm current steps on each agency’s official .gov website before you file. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911. If you believe a crime is in progress, contact your local police department.